Fluid actuated tool



Aug. 13, 1935. J. E. RE NFER ET AL FLUID ACTUATED TOOL Filed May 15, 1950 ZSheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR JOHN E. REA/FEPAALF/Pffl (551 470, 52

' ATTORNEYS Aug. 13, 1935. JJE, RENFER ITAL 2,011,502]

FLUID ACTUATED TOOL Filed May is, 1930 2- Sheets-Sheet 2 gig 53* q "11 H T 32 23 r M I 33 46 h wlll lllllll INVENTOR JOHN E REA/F57? JAlF/PED s. sum/5e ATTORN EY$ Patented Aug. 13, 1935 f FLUID AGTUATED :TOOL

' John E Renfer and Alfred G. Slatcher, Cleveland, .Oh10, .assignors to The Cleveland Rock Drill Ohio CompanyyCleveland, 'Ohio, a corporation of Application May 13, 1930, Serial'No. 452,099 r A e I I 6 Claims. vThis-invention relates broadly 'to "fluid operated tools of the percussive type and more-spe-' nism whichwill facilitate and render safer the operation of the tool.

.Another object of'this-invention is to provide afluid actuated tool with means for releasing the automatic rotating'mechanism and organizing the parts of the tool for hand rotation.

"Anothertobject of this invention is to provide a.rock drilling machine of the stoper type with asrotation controlling device which'canreadily be manipulated by the operator-whenthe rotative movement of the cutting tool becomes restrained -while drilling rock or other similar ma terial of variable density.

Other objects more or less-ancillary to the foregoing and the manner in-which'all the various objects are. realized'will appear inthe followingdescription which; considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, sets forth the preferred embodiment of-the invention.

In: the: drawings: i

:Fig. 1 is a vertical-sectionalview of a pneu of the chuck.

. Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view 10f the v ratchet ring,

The fluid actuated tool hereinchosenfor the purpose of illustrating thednvention'v embodies a stoper xdrill-iof the hammer type which comprises acylinder 1 I0 within which isreciprocably mounted-.a;piston H'having an extended-fluted stem portion 12 'operatively "associated with the cuttingtool by way. of a chuck I3 suchvas is ordinarily used in tools of this: type. The cylinder :'body 1 is formed to accommodate the support 'of ahandle 14 which -.-is -mounted therein with a-tapered socket l5 being=secured by two semi-circular 'members 16 "held in'placeby a screw threadedbushing Il. Adjacent the --end of the handle. l4,-is a'vertically disposedlcasing inpwhich'is'mounteda valve |-8 -having a rotatable control -knob l9.

toefiect-the distribution: olithev motive fluid, said valve being mounted for reciprocative movement Within a valve block 2| fitted snugly within cylinder I0. The movement of the valve and the consequential reciprocative movement of Y the piston II are effected in a manner common'in tools of this type, and sincethe operation of this D01? tion of the mechanism forms per se no part of I the present invention-no further description of these elements needbe givenhere further than to directiattention to an orifice. or exhaust .port 22 in the cylinder II], which is arranged in 'rela-j tion to the path of movementof the piston. to

' afiord communication between the cylinder-and the atmosphere during the operation of the tool.

Adjacentpthe valve block 2| and interposed between bearing plate 23 and head'block 24is"a ratchet mechanism 25 comprising a toothed ring 26p-r0vided with a pluralityof apertures 21,.and

a plurality of. pawls 28. The pawls are adapted. to engage the teeth of the ratchet, and'the ring iszrestrained fromrotation by a pin 29 adapted to engage in one of the apertures 21. Thepin29' is formed with an enlarged portion or head 30 slidably mounted'within a bore .3! closed by a screw threaded bushing 32. Adjacent'the 'head'. 30 isa pressure chamber '33 adapted'tobe-connected to the source of motive fluid by way of canals 34v and 35.

The chuck .is provided with a plurality of. radiallyldisposed recesses 36 adapte'dsto receive a pin. 31 which isformed with an enlarged'portio'nlor'head 38 slidably' mounted within a bore 39 terminated by a screw threadedbushing 40. The latter is formed with a pressure chamber 4| adapted to be connected to the source of mo-' tive fluidby'way of canals 42'and35. .Adjacent the head138 is a spring 43 restraining'the .pin'31 from engaging within the recesses 36;

A rifled stem 55 is coordinated with the ratchet rlng 26 and is maintained within the head of the piston II in a bore of compleme'ntal configuration. The ratchet and its appurtenances efiectuate'the rotative movement'of thepiston and inturn thechuck and the cutting tool in accordance with thev commonpractice in machines of this type. 'Ihe"head-block 24 is formed with a throttle valve 44 to control the supply of compressed fluid admitted to the -machine. Adjacent thehead. block 24 is a feeding mechanism 45, but since this portion of the machine forms no part of the present invention it will not be described in detaiL. A port'46, leads from the throttle valve 44 to the chamber housing the ratchet mechanism 25.. 5 5

and so;

Ports 4'! connect the ratchet chamber with an annular distributing recess 48.

Ports 49 and 50 communicate with the valve 20 and the opposite ends of the cylinder and are adapted to conduct the motive fluid from the valve to the opposite faces of the piston l l to reciprocate the same. An annularrecess 5!. in the valve block 2lis in constant communication with the distributing recess 48 and opens into the canal 35 in the handle M. A port 52 connects the canal 34 with the pressure chamber 33, and a port 53 connects the canal .42 with the pressure chamber 4|.

The valve I8 is formed with a vertical recess 56 adapted, in one position of the valve, to establish communication between the canals 34 and 35, and a recess 51 adapted, in another position of the valve, to connect the canals 35 and 42.

The valve is further provided with passages 58 is admitted through the port' 46 where'it flows through the ratchet mechanism 25- to the valve 2B"by way of ports 41. The reciprocation of the piston iseffected by an intermittent flow of pressure fluid into the cylinderlll as controlledby the valve 20 by way of recess 48 and the ports By maintaining the control valve I8in the position illustrated in Fig. 1, themotive fluid will flow from recess 48 into recess 5|, through the canal 35, port 56, canal 34 "and port 52 into the pressure chamber 33, maintaining the "pin 29 in engagement with the ratchetring .26, and thus securing the ring to its casing and effecting a normal self rotation of the piston The pin 31 is maintained out of engagement with the recesses 36' and also of the chuck. l3.

inthe'chuck 13 by the tension of the spring 43, the chamber 4| being open to atmosphere through the port 53 and passage 59.

Should the rotative movement of the cutting tool become restrained while drilling rock or similar material of a variable density, the self or automaticrotation' of the. cutting tool can readily be rendered inoperative and "the tool arranged for manual rotation by turning the. control valve l'8 to the position illustrated in Figure 2. The

i-motive fluid .will then flow from recess 5 l through thecanals':35 and 42"by way of the recess 51, and through theport 54 into the pressure chamber 4 I. As the compressed fluid overcomes the effort of the spring 43, the pin 31 will be urgedinto 1 one o'f. the recesses 36, thus interlocking the chuck l3 with the cylinder casing and preventing any independent rotation of the cutting tool., Si-' multaneously'the pressure fluid remaining in the pressure chamber 33 will be exhausted by way of port 52, canal-34, and passage 58 to atmosphere-- thus permitting. the ring to rotaterelative to the drill'casing." The apertures 2'! permit thefluid within the ratchet mechanism 25 to impinge the cuterfend of the pin or plunger 29 and upon" alternate application of fluid under pressure to the outer end of the pin and to. the headed;

portion 30 thereof effect the reciprocative movement of the pin or plunger 29. The bore 39 is vented to atmosphere to permit the reciprocative movement of the headed portion 38 of the pin 75" or plunger 31.

A manual oscillation applied to the handle I4 will obviously be transmitted to the cutting tool, the chuck l3 being interlocked with the cylinder casing by the pin 31. The automatic rotation can be at any time reinstated by turning the control valve l8 to the position illustrated in Figure -l.

Although the foregoing description isnecessarily ofa detailed character in order to completely set forth the invention, it is to be understood that the specific terminology is not intended to be restrictive or confining, and it is to be further understood that various rearrangements ofv parts'and modifications of structural details may be resorted to without departing from the scope or spirit of the'invention as herein claimed.

We claim:

1. In a. fluid-actuated machine of the class specified, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, an automatic rotation mechanism coordinated with said-piston and comprising a ratchet ring, arifle stem engageable' with said piston, pa'wls operatively connecting the ring and the stem, a chuck adapted to receive a cutting tool,

a housing having a chamber therein, a fluid operated plunger in saidchamber' for-locking; said chuck to said cylinder, a spring'within said j chamber for retracting the plungerifrorn the chuck when the fluid pressure is released, a second housinghaving a chamber therein, a second fiuid operated plunger within the last named chamber for securing said ratchet ringjagainst rotation, a fluid passageway intermediate said cylinder and said last named chamber and forwardly of said second named plunger, a control valve, fluid passageways communicating therewith and with both of said chambers forsaid plungers, afluid passageway intermediate said valve and said cylinder, a handle for said control valve, the body thereof defining canals for admitting fluid under pressure to'the first'named plunger and to the second named plunger, ex-

haust ports in said control valve, said canals and said exhaust portsbeing' arranged in a manner:

such that when pressure fluid is admitted to one of the plungers to effect a locking action the pressure fluid is vented through the valve from the other'plunger to thereby simultaneously effect an unlocking action of the latter.

2. In a fluid-actuated machine of the class specifiedya cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, an automatic rotation mechanismj coordinated with said piston and comprising a, ratchet ring,"

a: rifle stem engageable with said piston, pawls operatively connecting the ring and the stem, 9,"

chuck adapted to receive a cutting tool, a housing having a chamber therein, a fluid operated plunger in said'chamber for'lock'ing said chuck to said cylinder, a spring within said chamber for retracting the plunger from the chuck when the last named chamber and forwardly of said second namedplunger, a control'valve, fluid passageways communicatingtherewith and-with both of said chambers for said plungers; afluid passageway intermediate said'valve and said cylinder, is han-' dle for said control valvefthe body thereof defining a canal intercom'municating with said fluid passage between the valve and thecylinder and the valve and the first named plungerchamber, and a canal intercommunicating 'withsa'id fluid passage between the valve and the, cylinder and the valve and the second named plunger chamber, exhaust ports in said valve, said exhaust ports and said canals being arranged in the valve body in a manner such as to efiect retraction of one of the plungers and simultaneously effect a locking engagement of the other of said plungers.

3. In a fluid-actuated machine of the class specified, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, an automatic rotation mechanism coordinated with said piston and comprising aratchet ring, a rifle stem engageable with said piston, pawls operatively connecting the ring and the stem, a chuck adapted to receive a cutting tool, a housing having a chamber therein, a fluid operated plunger in said chamber for locking said chuck to said cylinder, a spring within said chamber for retracting the plunger from the chuck when the fluid pressure is released, a second housing having a chamber therein, a second fluid operated plunger within the last named chamber for securing said ratchet ring against rotation, a fluid passageway intermediate said cylinder and said last named chamber and forwardly of said second named plunger, a control valve, fluid passageways communicating therewith and with both of said chambers for said plungers, a fluid passageway intermediate said valve and said cylinder, a handle for said control valve, the body thereof defining canals communicating with the passage Way between the cylinder and valve and with the first named plunger chamber and second named plunger chamber respectively, the body of the handle further defining an opening aligned for communication with said passageways to said chambers and with openings to atmosphere in the control valve housing whereby, upon manipulation of said handle, one of said plungers will be actuated in looking engagement and the other of said plungers simultaneously retracted.

4. In a fluid-actuated machine of the class specified, a cylinderQa piston reciprocable therein, an automatic rotation mechanism coordinated with said piston and comprising a ratchet ring, a rifle stem engageable with said piston, pawls operatively connecting the ring and the stem, a chuck adapted to receive a cutting tool, a housing having a chamber therein, a fluid operated plunger in said chamber for locking said chuck to said cylinder, a spring within said chamber for retracting the plunger from the chuck when the fluid pressure is released, a second housing having a chamber therein, a second fluid operated plunger within the last named chamber for securing said ratchet ring against rotation, the housing for'said second named plunger chamher having a port disposed forwardlyof said plunger and communicating with said cylinder,

tuation of said plungers into locking and unlock ing positions.

5. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, a chuck associated with said cylinder, mechanism for rotating said chuck,' fluid operated means for locking said chuck ,ro-

tating mechanism, fluid operated means for looking said chuck with said cylinder, and a valvular mechanism common to said chuck rotating lock and said chuck cylinder lock for simultaneously reversely actuating said plungers into locking and unlocking positions.

6. In a fluid actuated machine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocating therein, a rotation mechanism comprising a ratchet ring, a rifledstem engageable with said piston, pawls operatively connecting the ring and the stem, a chuck associated with said cylinder formed to receive the cutting tool, fluid operated means to lock said rotation mechanism and other fluid operated means for locking the chuck against movement relative to said cylinder, and fluid operated valve mechanism common to said rotation locking means and the means for locking the chuck relative to the cylinder for simultaneously reversely actuating said plungers into locking and unlocking engagement for one Valve position.

JOHN E. RENFER. ALFRED G. SLATCHER. 

